Zener
diode is special type of diode which have high doping as compared to PN
junction diode. The reason behind heavy doping is to make the to operate in
reverse bias without damaging its junction. Voltage regulators are the devices
that are used provide constant voltage to output irrespective to the variations
in the input voltages. In reverse bias, zener diode works as voltage regulator.
This article elaborates use of zener diode as voltage regulator.
For proper
operation of zener diode as voltage regulator, the input voltage to the circuit
must be greater than the Zener voltage Vz which makes sure that the Zener diode
operates in reverse bias condition. The input voltage Vi which is unregulated
one is applied to the Zener diode which operates the Zener diode in
reverse breakdown region and maintains a continuing voltage across the load irrespective
of input AC voltage fluctuations or load current variations. As the input
current is constant, the output voltage remains constant. On the other hand, if
the load current decreases the circuit corrects the changes in input voltage.
As the input voltage increases, more Zener current will flow through the Zener
diode.
In the following video, I implemented the zener voltage regulator circuit using breadboard. I hope this theory and practical will help you.
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