Tasks 4 you: All differences of Embedded systems syllabus

Differences

Differences are the key point to understand any concept and are nothing but the comparison of features or parameters. When anyone wants to choose between this and that, he/she must goes for the differences. As far as the syllabus of Embedded system concern, there are certain differences that appears in the exam paper. Few of them are listed below along with the comparisons.

1) Microprocessor and microcontroller

2) Harvard and von-Neumann architecture

3) RISC and CISC

4) Desktop/General OS and RTOS

5) Assembly language and Embedded C

6) Serial and parallel communication

7) Synchronous and asynchronous communication

8) I2C and CAN

9) Difference between 89c51, PIC, AVR and ARM

1) Difference between Microprocessor & Microcontroller

S. N.	Microprocessor	Microcontroller
1	No on chip memory	On chip memory
2	No on chip I/O ports	On chip I/O ports
3	No on chip timer/counter	On chip timer/counter
4	Power consumption is more	Less
5	Cost is more	Less
6	Access time is more	Less
7	Circuit is bulky	Compact
8	More flexible	Less flexible
9	Less reliable	More reliable
10	Speed of operation is less	More
11	Less pins are multi functional	More pins are multifunctional
12	More instructions are used to move data from memory to CPU	Less
13	Direct Boolean operations are not possible	Possible
14	Clock frequency: 3 MHz	12MHz (11.0592 MHz)
15	Used in general purpose applications	Specific purpose applications
16	Ex: 8085, 8086	Ex: 8051, 8052
17	Applications: PC, mobile phones	Applications: Washing machine, MP3 players, microwave oven

2) Difference between Harvard & Von-Neumann Architecture

S. N.

Harvard Architecture

Von-Neumann Architecture

Data bus Address bus

Data/Address bus

Separate memories are used

Combine memory for data and program

Separate bus for address and data

Multiplexed bus for address and data

Speed of operation is more

Speed of operation is less

Address and data accessed simultaneously

Sequentially

Cost is more

Cost is less

Ex. 8051

Ex. 8085

3) Difference between RISC and CISC

S.N.	RISC	CISC
1	RISC means Reduced instruction set computer	CISC means Complex instruction set computer
2	Instruction set is simple and limited	Instruction set is large
3	Single word instructions	Variable length instructions
4	Instruction set is not flexible, hence program is long	Instruction set is flexible, hence program is short
5	Long program, code size is more	Short program, code size is less
6	More code size, more memory required	Less code size, less memory required
7	Long program, more number of registers	Short program, less number of registers
8	Instruction set is not flexible, very few addressing modes	Instruction set is flexible, many addressing modes
9	Memory to memory operations	Register to register operations
10	Instruction set is simple, more speed of execution	Instruction set is complex, less speed of execution
11	Processor architecture is simple	Processor architecture is complex
12	Single clock is used	Multiple clocks are used
13	More stress on software	More stress on hardware
14	Pipelining is possible	Pipelining is not possible
15	Ex. ATMEL, ARM, AVR family	Ex. X86 processors, Motorola 68000 series

4) Difference between General OS and RTOs

S.N.	General OS/ Desktop OS	RTOS (Real time OS)
1	No task deadline	Task deadline
2	Time response is not deterministic	Time response is deterministic
3	Not customizable	Customizable as per application
4	Does not optimize memory resources	Optimize memory resources
5	Stored in hard discs	Stored in semiconductor memories like EPROM
6	Used in universal applications	Used in specific applications
7	Ex. Windows, linux	Ex. Android, Vxworks

5) Difference between serial and parallel communication

S.N.	Serial communication	Parallel communication
1	Only one bit is transferred at a time	8-bits can be transferred at a time
2	Bit by bit communication	Byte by byte communication
3	Uses less wires (generally 2)	Uses more wires (generally 8)
4	Bit by bit communication, speed is less	Byte by byte communication, speed is fast
5	Used for long distance communication	Used for short distance communication
6	Cost is less	Cost is more
7	More reliable	Less reliable
8	Ex. RS232, USB	Ex. PCI, PCI-X

6) Difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication

S.N.	Synchronous	Asynchronous
1	Same clock pulse is required at transmitter and receiver	Different clock pulse is required at transmitter and receiver
2	Used to transfer group of character	Used to transfer one character at a time
3	3 Synchronous character is required	Synchronous character is not required
4	No start and stop signals are required	Start and stop signals are required.
5	Data transmission rate is greater then or equal to 20Kbps	Data transmission rate is less then or equal to 20 Kbps.
6	It is less reliable	It is more reliable
7	Error checking is not possible	Error checking can be done with parity bit.

7) Difference between Assembly language and Embedded C

S. N.	Assembly Language	Embedded C
1	Knowledge of addressing modes and instruction set is necessary	Knowledge of addressing modes and instruction set is not necessary
2	Program is short	Program is long
3	Short program, less code size	Long program, more code size
4	Short program, fast execution	Long program, slow execution
5	Short program, less memory required	Long program, more memory required
6	Coding is difficult	Coding is simple
7	Debugging is not so easy	Easy
8	More time is required for coding.	Less time is required for coding.
9	Assembly language is processor dependant	C language is processor independent

8) Difference between I2C and CAN protocol

S. N.	I2C	CAN
1	Synchronous with 3speeds 100Kbps, 400 Kbps and 3.4Mbps	Data transfer rate Asynchronous with 250 Kbps up-to 1Mbps
2	Number of fields: 07	Number of fields 08 [including 7 bits of frame end and 3 bits of inter frame gap].
3	Addressing bit : 7-bit 0r 10 bit address	Addressing bit: 11 bit
4	Applications: To interface devices like watch dog, Flash and RAM memory, Real time clock , Microcontrollers	Copiers, Telescopes, Medical instruments, Elevator controllers, Automobile industry

9) Difference between 89c51, PIC, AVR and ARM

Parameter	89c51	PIC	AVR	ARM
Full form	-	Programmable Interface Controllers	Alf and Vegard's RISC processor	Advanced RISC Machine
Data bus width	8-bit wide	8/16/32 bit wide	32 bit	32/64 bit
Protocols for communication	I2C, SPI UART, USART	I2S,SPI,CAN,UART, USART, ETHERNET	I2S, SPI,CAN,USB,UART,USART	I2C,S[I,CAN,USB, UART, USART,IrDA, Ethernet
Speed	12 Clocks per instruction cycle	4 Clocks per instruction cycle	1 clock per instruction cycle	1 clock per instruction cycle
Memory	ROM, SRAM, FLASH	SRAM, FLASH	Flash, SRAM, EEPROM	Flash, SDRAM, EEPROM