What is voltage regulator?
How zener diode works as voltage regulator?
What is load regulation and line reuglation?
We
well known the fact, all electronics devices or elements (i.e. diode
transistor, basic IC) and circuit required A.C as well as D.C power source but
many times we refer D.C. constant power source to the circuit for their
operation. So D.C source carry dry battery or cell etc. but it is more
expensive as compare to conventional D.C. power supply. The regulated D.C.
power supply is made to converting A.C supply to D.C supply. The essential
elements of regulated power supply are Rectifier, Filter and Voltage Regulator.
The
fluctuations in power supply may cause electronic devices to damage or give
false/irrelevant output. Hence many electronic devices need the power supplies
that provide constant voltage irrespective of changes in normal power supply.
Regulator is such a device which is used to maintain the voltage of normal
power supply constant.
Line regulation: - It
is the ability of power supply to maintain the specified output voltage with
varying input voltage. It is the ratio of change in output voltage of power
supply to the change in input voltage.
Line regulation = Δ Vout / Δ Vin
Load regulation = (VNL - VFL) / VFL
where, NL means No load, and FL means full load
Zener Voltage Regulator: - For voltage regulator application, zener diode is always used in reverse biased mode, i.e. anode is connected to –ve terminal of battery and cathode is connected to +ve terminal of battery. For proper operation of zener diode voltage regulator, input voltage must be greater than zener voltage (e.g. if zener diode of say 8 voltage is used, input voltage must be greater than 8 volts to operate zener diode in reverse bias).
Figure: Zener Diode as Voltage Regulator
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